What Is the IB Diploma Programme (DP)?

The IB Diploma Programme (DP) is an academically rigorous, internationally recognised qualification for students aged 16–19. Offered in over 150 countries, it prepares learners for university and life beyond school, developing intellectual, emotional, and ethical skills. DP students study six subjects and three core components that form a balanced educational model.

The IB Learner Profile

DP students aim to become inquirers, thinkers, communicators, principled, open-minded, caring, risk-takers, balanced, and reflective — traits that support lifelong learning and global citizenship.

The DP Curriculum Structure

Component Description Purpose
Six Subject Groups Students choose one subject from each of the six groups. Ensures breadth & depth of academic study.
Three Core Elements Theory of Knowledge (TOK), Extended Essay (EE), Creativity Activity Service (CAS) Develops research skills, critical thinking, reflection, and balance.
DP Subject Groups
  • Studies in Language & Literature
  • Language Acquisition
  • Individuals & Societies (History, Geography, Business, Economics, Psychology, etc.)
  • Sciences (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, ESS)
  • Mathematics (AA & AI)
  • The Arts (Visual Arts, Music, Theatre) or an elective from groups 1–5

Each subject is offered at Higher Level (HL ≈ 240 hours) or Standard Level (SL ≈ 150 hours).

DP Core Components

1. Theory of Knowledge (TOK)

TOK explores how we know what we claim to know. Students evaluate knowledge across subjects, perspectives, and contexts. Assessment includes a 1,600-word TOK essay and an individual oral presentation.

  • Study Areas of Knowledge & Ways of Knowing
  • Practice critical analysis using real-life situations
  • Strengthen reflection and argumentation skills
2. Extended Essay (EE)

A 4,000-word independent research essay on a chosen topic. It develops academic writing, analysis, and citation skills.

  • Choose a subject-linked topic
  • Develop a strong research question early
  • Maintain a research journal (RPPF)
  • Use credible, varied sources
3. CAS (Creativity, Activity, Service)

CAS encourages holistic development through creative, physical, and community experiences. Students maintain a CAS portfolio and reflect on learning outcomes.

  • Balance creativity, activity, and service equally
  • Reflect on collaboration, challenge, and ethical engagement
  • Connect CAS to personal growth and learner profile traits

DP Assessment & Grading System

Component Details
Subject Grades Each subject graded from 1–7 (7 = highest).
Core Points TOK + EE combined contribute up to 3 points.
CAS Requirement Must be completed to earn the diploma.
Total Score Maximum = 45 (42 subject + 3 core).
Pass Condition Minimum 24 points + fulfil core conditions.

Subject-by-Subject Criteria & Preparation Tips

Language & Literature Assessment: Essays, textual analysis, oral commentary.

Criteria: Understanding of text/context, analysis, organisation, language use.

Preparation:
  • Read widely across genres
  • Practise thesis-driven essays
  • Learn literary terminology
  • Connect literature to cultural & global contexts
Language Acquisition Assessment: Reading, listening, speaking, writing.

Criteria: Comprehension, interaction, grammar, vocabulary range.

Preparation:
  • Daily exposure via films, news, conversations
  • Write short reflections or diaries
  • Revise grammar, tenses, idioms
Individuals & Societies (Economics, History, Business, Geography, Psychology) Assessment: Essays, data analysis, research projects.

Criteria: Knowledge & understanding, critical thinking, argument organisation, evidence use.

Preparation:
  • Follow current affairs & apply theories
  • Practise essays using PEEL/ICE structures
  • Understand command terms: analyse, evaluate, discuss
  • For Economics → master diagrams; for History → timelines & historiography
Sciences (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, ESS) Assessment: Written exams + IA investigation

Criteria: Knowledge & understanding, application, analysis, evaluation.

Preparation:
  • Practise past papers under timed conditions
  • Organise lab notebooks & data
  • Focus on graphing, error analysis, evaluations
Mathematics (AA & AI) Assessment: Written papers + IA exploration

Criteria: Knowledge, reasoning, communication, technology use, personal engagement (for IA).

Preparation:
  • Review command terms (“verify”, “deduce”, “show that”)
  • Daily practice of varied problem types
  • Use technology/GDC effectively
  • Choose an IA topic linked to personal interest
The Arts (Visual Arts, Music, Theatre, Film) Assessment: Portfolio, exhibition/performance, reflective process journal.

Criteria: Technical skills, creativity, critical reflection, context awareness.

Preparation:
  • Document the creative process consistently
  • Explore multiple media
  • Reflect on context, intention, and audience
Internal Assessments (IAs) Every DP subject includes an IA worth 20–25% of the final grade.

IA Success Tips:
  • Start early: choose a topic during Year 1.
  • Understand the rubric: check criteria (personal engagement, exploration, analysis, evaluation, communication).
  • Keep evidence (notes, drafts, raw data).
  • Seek feedback early, but final submission must be independent work.
Exam Preparation
  • Map the syllabus thoroughly
  • Practise past papers with proper timing
  • Study mark schemes
  • Balance core components (TOK, EE, CAS)
  • Manage stress with breaks & mindfulness
Parent Support
  • Help students create study timelines
  • Discuss CAS/TOK connections
  • Provide resources
  • Encourage balance between study & wellbeing
  • Track deadlines to avoid pressure